Renewed hostilities between the U.S. and Iran are raising fresh concerns for South Korea’s economy, with fighting resuming less than a month after U.S. President Donald Trump signed a memorandum of understanding with Tehran aimed at ending the conflict. Trump declared the agreement “over” last week as U.S. Central Command resumed strikes against Iranian targets, while Seoul continues monitoring energy imports and the safety of the remaining South Korean-linked vessels operating near the Gulf.

The renewed fighting follows weeks of efforts by South Korea to reduce its exposure to disruptions in the Middle East. Since June, the government has strengthened