The publication of the U.S. House Judiciary Committee’s report on Coupang marks a turning point in one of the most contentious regulatory disputes between Washington and Seoul in recent years.

For the first time since the investigation began last November, a branch of the U.S. government has formally challenged not merely the outcome of Seoul’s investigations into the U.S.-listed e-commerce giant, but the legitimacy of the institutions conducting them.

South Korea’s response has been unusually broad. Within 48 hours of the report’s publication, the Blue House, the National Intelligence Service (NIS) and lawmakers from the ruling Democratic Party