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Following repeated delays, Israel’s government has agreed to launch an investigation into the failures that led to the 7 October 2023 Hamas attack.
However, questions regarding the inquiry’s independence have already drawn accusations that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is attempting to evade personal responsibility for the nation’s worst attack. Israel has traditionally appointed independent state commissions, led by a retired judge, following major governmental failures.
Netanyahu has resisted calls for such an investigation into the Oct. 7 failures, saying only that he would answer all questions when the war is over. In Sunday’s decision, he said the ceasefire that went into effect on Oct. 10 allows the government to start the investigation.
His Cabinet approved the formation of a watered-down “government committee.” Netanyahu will oversee the makeup of the team governing the inquiry, in effect putting him in charge of the probe. More details about the inquiry are to be announced in 45 days.
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People take part in a protest against Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government and call for a state commission of inquiry to investigate the events of the Hamas militant group attack of October 7, 2023, as they gather at Habima square, in Tel Aviv, Israel, Saturday, Nov. 15, 2025. (AP Photo/Mahmoud Illean) (Copyright 2025 The Associated Press. All rights reserved)
Israel’s opposition leader, Yair Lapid, called the decision insulting to the victims of Oct. 7 and to the hundreds of soldiers who have died in the war.
“The government is doing everything it can to run from the truth and evade responsibility,” Lapid said.
The government is “establishing a commission that will investigate itself,” noted the Movement for Quality Government in Israel, which is critical of Netanyahu. “This is not an investigative commission, this is a cover-up commission.”
In the Oct. 7 attack, Hamas-led militants killed some 1,200 people and took over 250 others hostage. Nearly 500 soldiers have been killed in fighting since then, while Palestinian health officials say over 69,000 Palestinians have been killed in Israel’s retaliatory offensive against Hamas.
According to a poll by the Jerusalem-based think tank Israel Democracy Institute last month, nearly three-quarters of the public support a fully independent commission of inquiry. Even among Netanyahu’s right-wing base, 68% favored an independent commission. The survey questioned 1,000 people and had a margin of error of 3.1 percentage points.
Thousands of people demonstrated on Saturday night in Tel Aviv, many calling for an independent probe.
Netanyahu, who is on trial for corruption charges unrelated to the war, says Israel’s judiciary has too much power and has asserted that an independent inquiry would not have “the broadest possible public support.”
“The only way to ensure public trust in the work of the commission is broad agreement regarding the composition of the commission,” he said.
The Israeli military and other security bodies have conducted a number of investigations into their failures on Oct. 7.
But the new investigation also will look at governmental decision-making and assumptions that created the conditions for the attack to occur.
Many security figures have said that Netanyahu’s attempt to overhaul the country’s judicial system, which triggered mass demonstrations and public divisions before the war, sent a message of weakness that encouraged Israel’s enemies to attack. Netanyahu rejects the accusations.
Many Israelis believe the mistakes of Oct. 7 extend beyond the military, and they blame Netanyahu for what they view as a failed strategy of deterrence and containment in the years before the attack. That strategy included allowing Qatar to send suitcases of cash into Gaza and sidelining Hamas’ rival, the internationally recognized Palestinian Authority.
An Israeli military investigation determined that a central misconception was that Hamas, which seized control of Gaza from the Palestinian Authority in 2007, was more interested in governing the territory than fighting Israel.
The probe also found that Hamas was able to carry out the Oct. 7 attack because the more powerful Israeli army misjudged the militant group’s intentions and underestimated its capabilities.
Military planners had envisioned that, at worst, Hamas could stage a ground invasion from up to eight border points, but Hamas had more than 60 attack routes on Oct. 7.
Many high-ranking officers in the military and security establishment at the time, including the military chief of staff, the head of military intelligence and the defense minister, have resigned or been forced out.
