An analytical report published by the English-language international website “Arab News,” on its most important points, has confirmed that Libya, which has been in an exceptional situation since 2011, has become a “haven” for global crime networks. Meanwhile, the Sahel region has transformed from a theater of insurgency and humanitarian crises into an integrated hub for sophisticated transnational organized crime.
The report explained that more than half of the world’s deaths related to violent extremism occur in the Sahel region, a sign that reflects not so much ideological fervor as it does the fertile ground provided by sprawling criminal economies operating within the loopholes of weak states where state authority is eroding and some of its functions are being co-opted.
The report indicated that the security situation in the Sahel is deteriorating rapidly, while Libya’s political quagmire post-2011 has become a crucial source and corridor for weapons from vast stockpiles. This makes the “highway” north ensure an unimpeded flow of crime towards the Mediterranean Sea, solidifying the link between the Sahel’s instability and global illicit networks that have become part of the region’s de facto governing structure.
The report showed that human smuggling networks in Libya, including entities that receive European funding to control illegal migration, embody a criminal “fluidity” that has resulted directly from the state’s collapse. Libya’s western coast is a chronic hotspot showing that political fragmentation is the smugglers’ “greatest asset,” and that any official law enforcement measures in this climate appear “theatrical.”
The report asserted that the effects of Libyan kleptocratic networks on the Sahel are immediate and systematic, extending beyond human smuggling to the trade in cocaine, gold, and firearms, which fuels violence. This is part of an integrated economy of illegality that stretches across the Sahara and does not operate as isolated markets.
The report explained that the same corridors used for smuggling migrants north are also used to transport other goods, as the amount of cocaine seized in the region has increased. Meanwhile, the ongoing political disintegration in Libya represents the final and crucial link connecting this vast internal network of instability directly to the Mediterranean Sea.
The report considered that a containable regional security crisis has transformed into a complex hybrid threat that reaches European borders without restriction, necessitating costly intervention. It criticized Europe’s focus on intercepting boats as a “superficial response” that targets only one aspect of the crisis while ignoring a fully operational criminal network that controls geographical areas.
The report concluded that the continued maturation and expansion of these networks are linked to Libya remaining a patchwork of “fiefdoms” and the persistence of the Sahel’s social and economic crises. This ensures these networks can provide livelihoods and governance for themselves, with their outputs becoming a “key commodity” exported via Libya’s Mediterranean shores.
