On India’s railways, stowaways are not limited to ticketless passengers. Some arrive without limbs, luggage or much interest in timetables.

A paper recently published in Biotropica suggests that king cobras (Ophiophagus kaalinga) may occasionally hitch a ride on trains in western India, turning railways into unexpected dispersal routes. The study, by Dikansh S. Parmar and colleagues, focuses on Goa, a small coastal state better known for beaches than for the world’s longest venomous snake.

The authors assembled two decades of snake-rescue records, verified sightings and local reports. Most king cobras turned up where one would expect: forested, wetter, inland parts of the Western Ghats. A species-distribution model broadly supported this pattern.

Five cases stood out. Each involved a king cobra found in places the model deemed unsuitable. Each lay close to railway infrastructure.

One animal was rescued at Chandor railway station, sheltering among stored rails and concrete pillars. Others appeared near stations or tracks in Vasco da Gama, Loliem, Patnem and Palolem; all of them were poor locations for a forest-dwelling snake. Statistically, they were outliers.

The simplest explanation is not that cobras prefer platforms to leaf litter, but that they arrived by accident. Cargo trains pass through high-quality cobra habitat before descending into Goa’s drier lowlands. Rail yards offer cover, rodents and other snakes. A large reptile entering a freight wagon at night could travel dozens of kilometers with little effort, emerging somewhere ecologically unfamiliar.

Such journeys are not merely hypothetical. Indian media have documented snakes on moving trains, including cobras. One photograph shows an Indian cobra peering from a carriage window, an image that underscores the mismatch between reptile and rail.

If trains do act as inadvertent shuttles, the consequences cut both ways. For snakes, arrival in unsuitable habitat raises the risk of stress, starvation or death. For people, encountering a king cobra where none is expected is dangerous. India lacks a specific antivenom for king-cobra bites, which can be fatal within 15 minutes.

The authors stop short of certainty. They propose genetic tests, camera traps and closer monitoring of rail hubs to assess whether the pattern holds.

Linear infrastructure is usually blamed for fragmenting habitats. Here it may also be connecting them, at speed.

Banner image: A king cobra courtesy of Michael Allen Smith via Wikipedia CC (BY-SA 2.0)