WASHINGTON — Following a full year of praising President Donald Trump as if he were a toddler who must be coaxed into eating his vegetables, only to have him threaten a fellow NATO member regardless, America’s traditional European allies appear to be rethinking that strategy.

“President Trump is acting like an international gangster,” Ed Davey, a member of Britain’s Parliament, told his House of Commons colleagues Tuesday. “Threatening to trample over the sovereignty of an ally, threatening the end of NATO altogether, and now threatening to hit our country and seven European allies with outrageous, damaging tariffs, unless he gets his hands on Greenland.”

Anders Vistisen, a Danish member of the European Parliament, was even more blunt, beginning his remarks at an official session in Brussels last week with: “Let me put this in words you might understand: Mr. President, fuck off.”

Even officials from larger, multi-nation organizations expressed frustration with Trump, who is to deliver a speech to the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, on Wednesday.

“We will be pragmatic when we can be, firm when we must,” said Nadia Calvino, president of the European Investment Bank, an arm of the 27-member European Union.

The latest flash point occurred last weekend, when the news broke that Trump had explicitly linked his readiness to seize Greenland — a semiautonomous Danish territory — to the decision by the Norwegian Nobel Committee not to give him the peace prize last year.

“Considering your Country decided not to give me the Nobel Peace Prize for having stopped 8 Wars PLUS, I no longer feel an obligation to think purely of Peace, although it will always be predominant, but can now think about what is good and proper’ for the US,” Trump wrote to the prime minister of Norway, repeating his frequent lie about having stopped eight wars. “The World is not secure unless we have Complete and Total Control of Greenland.”

The U.S. State Department then distributed the letter to other nations that participated in a joint military exercise in Greenland in response to Trump’s threat to use force to take it. On Tuesday, those nations — Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom — released a joint statement:

“Tariff threats undermine transatlantic relations and risk a dangerous downward spiral. We will continue to stand united and coordinated in our response. We are committed to upholding our sovereignty.”

As of yet, however, there does not seem to be a clear consensus on how to deal with the Trump threat. The United States has, by far, the largest military among the 32 NATO members and has, over its seven-decade history, played a central role in coordinating equipment and training.

Some nations were never enamored with the over-the-top flattery adopted by NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte early last year as a way to keep Trump from breaking with NATO as it supported Ukraine’s efforts to fend off Russia’s continuing invasion.

“A lot of people in Europe thought that Rutte’s approach to Trump was wrong,” said one European diplomat, on condition of anonymity.

Rutte, who took to addressing Trump as “Dear Donald” and repeatedly praising him for his leadership, defended the approach after the U.S. president signaled his support for the transatlantic alliance at last year’s summit in The Hague.

“I think it’s a bit of a question of taste,” Rutte told reporters at the close of the meeting. “Doesn’t he deserve some praise?”

Rutte has continued that tactic even as Trump overtly threatens Greenland.

“Mr. President, dear Donald — what you accomplished in Syria today is incredible. I will use my media engagements in Davos to highlight your work there, in Gaza, and in Ukraine. I am committed to finding a way forward on Greenland. Can’t wait to see you,” he wrote in a private text message that Trump then posted on his social media platform in the wee hours of Tuesday.

The annual gathering in Davos of the world’s wealthiest business leaders and government officials from the largest economies has typically focused on banking and investment issues. That tradition has been roiled by Trump’s recent obsession with obtaining Greenland despite Denmark’s lack of interest in losing it and the residents’ lack of interest in joining the United States.

When the eight European allies agreed to the joint exercises in Greenland, an enraged Trump responded by announcing 10% tariffs against them. Those tariffs could be increased to 25% if they do not agree to hand over Greenland.

French President Emmanuel Macron addressed the assembly in Davos on Tuesday by joking about Trump (“It’s a time of peace, stability and predictability”) before criticizing his efforts to replace the rule of law in international affairs with a might-makes-right imperialism.

“It’s as well a shift towards a world without rules. Where international law is trampled underfoot and where the only law that seems to matter is that of the strongest,” Macron said. “We do prefer respect to bullies. … And we do prefer rule of law to brutality.”

Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney, whose party took power at least in part due to Trump’s repeated comments about making Canada the 51st state, never offered Trump much praise and continued that approach in Davos.

“Let me be direct. We are in the midst of a rupture, not a transition,” Carney said. “Recently, great powers have begun using economic integration as a weapon, tariffs as leverage.”

How Trump will respond to the criticism is unclear. He has long disliked NATO and falsely claimed that the alliance has cheated the United States by not paying dues. One of his first-term national security advisers said that Trump was intent on withdrawing from NATO in his second term.

Upon retaking office a year ago, Trump stopped sending U.S. arms to Ukraine and is now forcing NATO allies to buy American weapons to give to the embattled democracy.

In a lengthy appearance before reporters at the White House on Tuesday, Trump claimed that the dispute over Greenland would be resolved amicably — while refusing to rule out military force.

When asked how far he was willing to go to acquire the island, he answered: “You’ll find out.”