Sweat itself is odourless. It is only when bacteria on the skin break down the sweat that substances are produced which cause the typical body odour. Volatile compounds, such as sulphur compounds, play a role in this process. This explains why fresh sweat initially smells neutral, but its odour can change over the course of the day – particularly in the warm, moist underarm areas where bacteria thrive.

Antiperspirant or deodorant – what’s the difference?

The two product types take different approaches. Antiperspirants contain aluminium salts, usually aluminium chloride. These substances constrict the sweat glands, so that less sweat reaches the skin. At the same time, they inhibit the growth of odour-causing bacteria. Antiperspirants therefore ensure that we sweat less. Deodorants, on the other hand, prevent or mask the smell of sweat, usually through antibacterial ingredients or fragrances.

The right product for your skin

If you want to reduce sweating, choose an antiperspirant. If you’re mainly looking for freshness, choose a deodorant. Aluminium-free variants with ingredients such as zinc or triethyl citrate are suitable for sensitive skin. Triethyl citrate inhibits the enzymes that bacteria need to break down sweat – without disrupting the natural skin flora.

Fragrances, alcohol and essential oils can irritate sensitive skin. This can result in a burning sensation, redness or itching. Anyone who suffers from reactions like these should choose a mild product – if necessary, after seeking a chemist’s advice.

There used to be debate about whether aluminium in antiperspirants could be harmful to health. However, current scientific assessments show that only very small amounts are absorbed through the skin and, based on current knowledge, there is no health risk.

Forms and application

Deodorants and antiperspirants are available as sprays, roll-ons, sticks or creams. Although sprays are easy to apply, their active ingredients – which may be harmful – can be inhaled. Roll-ons and sticks, on the other hand, allow for more targeted application. It helps to let the product absorb briefly to avoid residue. Cream products also nourish the skin, but are more time-consuming to apply and can also leave stains on clothing.

Antiperspirants work best when applied to dry, clean skin. Ideally, this should be done in the evening before going to bed. The sweat glands are less active than in the morning. Care should be taken when applying after shaving as micro-injuries can make the skin more sensitive and increase the risk of irritation.

If you feel that your deodorant or antiperspirant is no longer working as well, you might think that you have become accustomed to it, but this is not the case. It is more likely to be due to the time of year or a change in the amount of sweat produced.

Excess sweating

If heavy sweating persists despite using an antiperspirant, you may be suffering from a condition known as hyperhidrosis. This involves the sweat glands reacting excessively. Those affected should seek medical advice, as underlying conditions such as hyperthyroidism may be to blame.

Conclusion

Deodorants and antiperspirants work in different ways to combat odour or sweat. The key factors are skin type, individual tolerance and correct application. It is worth checking the ingredients to avoid irritation and find the right product.